Effects of Throughflow and Gravity Modulation on Thermal Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated Porous Layer

In this paper, we have investigated the effects of throughflow and gravity modulation on a couple stress fluid saturated porous layer using non-autonomous Ginzburg-Landau model. A small variation disturbances has been considered to examine nonlinear thermal instability in media. At third order, finite amplitude convection calculated which determines heat transfer. The effect i.e., inflow outflow dual nature couple-stress parameter stabilizing instability. Further it is found that upward directed flow enhances downward diminishes